Methodology
Flight data sourced from FlightRadar24 API (official paid tier). Passenger estimates based on aircraft type capacity x 0.83 load factor.
Nationality distribution uses hub transit coefficients calibrated against Phuket Immigration 2025 data via constrained least-squares optimization.
Direct routes map 1:1 to origin country. Hub airports (DXB, SIN, KUL, BKK, DMK, DOH, HKG, IST, ICN) distribute passengers across nationalities using coefficients.
Data updates daily.